CANTO 1
The Singer Introduces Himself
Singing, suffering, narrator and reputation.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemOPEN STUDY LIBRARY · ENGLISH STUDY RESOURCES
Learn the story canto by canto without losing contact with José Hernández’s original Spanish words. Each published guide includes the plot, major voices, selected authentic verses, literary themes and questions for reflection.
READING COMPANION · ENGLISH GLOSSARY
Understand payada, naides, pulpería, and fortín—and the hidden meaning of the name Picardía.
ILLUSTRATED STUDY RESOURCE
Get to know Martín Fierro, Sergeant Cruz, Fierro’s family, Picardía, Old Vizcacha and the other major figures before or during your reading. Eleven illustrated profiles explain their roles, compare their perspectives, include original Spanish stanzas, and lead directly to the relevant English canto lessons.
Explore the illustrated character guide →CANTO 1
Singing, suffering, narrator and reputation.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO 2
The remembered countryside and the first signs of misfortune.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO 3
Recruitment, family loss and the narrated frontier.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO 4
Wages, rural trading and frontier exploitation.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO 5
Military punishment, forced labor, and immigrant prejudice.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO 6
Fierro escapes the frontier and discovers his home in ruins.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO 7
Fierro provokes and kills an Afro-Argentine man; an essential critical reading.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO 8
Another fatal encounter and a broader denunciation of injustice.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO 9
A police pursuit, a violent confrontation and Cruz’s decisive intervention.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO 10
Cruz narrates the commander’s intrusion and the violence that drove him away.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO 11
A guitarist, a quarrel, a serious wound and another escape.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO 12
Police service, friendship and criticism of frontier policy.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO 13
Fierro and Cruz cross the frontier; the singer breaks his guitar.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemAll thirteen cantos of the 1872 first part now have individual study guides. Additional cantos will be linked only when their guides have been completed and verified against the original corpus.
CANTO I
The narrator resumes his song and claims a right to be heard.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO II
Arrival at an Indigenous settlement, suspicion and captivity.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO III
Separation, shelter and hunting for survival.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO IV
Riding skills, raid descriptions and racist stereotypes.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO V
Contradictions in Fierro’s descriptions of life beyond the frontier.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO VI
Illness, gratitude, friendship and Cruz’s last request.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO VII
Fierro buries his friend and finds a wounded woman.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO VIII
Captivity, violence and the narrator’s testimony.
Read the study guide ↗ · Original poemCANTO IX
The captive woman saves Fierro during a deadly fight.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO X
Horse training, navigation, flight and a difficult return.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XI
Reunion, the death of his wife and memories of earlier violence.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XII
A son recounts mistreatment, solitary confinement and the value of speech.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XIII
Care from an aunt, inheritance and the appointment of a guardian.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XIV
The younger son describes neglect, theft and an abusive guardian.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XV
Survival, the judge and self-interest; compare with Fierro's later counsel.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XVI
A folk healer, audience corrections and the guardian's final days.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XVII
Stories about the deceased, the inventory and the boy's lost inheritance.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XVIII
The younger son mourns and abandons the dwelling.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XIX
An unrequited love and another forced move to the frontier.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XX
A new singer enters, but his life story has not yet begun.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XXI
Loss, child labor and the humorous prayer episodes.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XXII
Deception at card games and a warning against gambling.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XXIII
Rigged winnings, abuse of authority and a bitter feud.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XXIV
An election, police punishment and political coercion.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XXV
Men are rounded up while their families plead for them.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XXVI
Picardía learns he is the son of Sergeant Cruz.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XXVII
Picardía protests harsh military service and unpaid wages.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XXVIII
Alleged corruption and shortages within the military hierarchy.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XXIX
A Black singer challenges Fierro; the contest begins later.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XXX
Poetic questions, racial equality, law and a reckoning with the past.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XXXI
The crowd prevents conflict and Fierro prepares his advice.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XXXII
Brotherhood, honest work, nonviolence, and a comparison with Vizcacha.
Read the study guide · Original poemCANTO XXXIII
The four companions separate; the poet closes with an appeal for gaucho rights.
Read the study guide · Original poemAll thirty-three cantos of the 1879 sequel now have verified English study guides. Together with the thirteen cantos of Part One, the complete collection covers all forty-six cantos.
Old Vizcacha versus Martín Fierro compares different approaches to life and morality using original passages from the sequel’s Cantos XV and XXXII. The complete advice to his sons is also available with English explanations.
Story summary · Main characters · Themes and analysis · Frontier history